Low birth weight refers to babies who are born weighing less than 5.5 pounds (2,500 grams) regardless of their gestational age. It is a significant public health concern as these infants are at a higher risk of various health complications, including developmental delays, respiratory issues, and even long-term disabilities. Research in this area focuses on identifying risk factors for low birth weight, developing interventions to prevent it, and improving the care and outcomes for infants born with low birth weight. Factors contributing to low birth weight include prematurity, poor maternal nutrition, smoking during pregnancy, and certain medical conditions. Interventions such as prenatal care, proper nutrition, and avoiding harmful substances can help reduce the risk of low birth weight.